India has not terminated Operation ‘Sindoor’. One advantage of this is that own losses in men and material need not be disclosed. India had also declared it will consider terror attacks an “act of war”. But in the security meeting chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi post the Delhi and Nowgam blasts, Pakistan was not named. This was despite Pakistani army chief Asim Munir having declared earlier that Pakistan will attack India from the East and these terror attacks had clear Bangladeshi links.
At the 2025 Chanakya Defence Dialogue, having the theme ‘Reform to Transform – Sashakt, Surakshit Aur Viksit Bharat’, conducted the by Indian Army in collaboration with the Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS) at the Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi, Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan urged the Indian defence industry to do more by showing patriotism, being truthful about indigenous capabilities, delivering products on time, and at globally competitive costs. He stressed that delays and inflated claims undermine national security and operational readiness.
Gen Chauhan pointed out that failing to deliver equipment on time results in a capability being lost, which is unacceptable for national security preparedness. He warned against exaggerated claims of indigenous content in products, saying this impinges on security and that honesty should be paramount. Further, he emphasized that products must be cost-competitive not only for domestic procurement but also to succeed in the international export market, aiding India’s goal of becoming a defence exporter. He called for a focus on research and development (R&D), innovation, and reliability, saying you can’t win today’s wars with yesterday’s weapons. He also said that while profit is a valid motive, the industry should have a sense of nationalism and patriotism. especially given the critical nature of their work for the Armed Forces.
Notably, Gen Chauhan said, “We have problems like our procurement procedures are so slow, that it is difficult to imbibe technology at the rate the Armed Forces would want to.” He pointed to lessons from recent operations, such as Operation ‘Sindoor’, which demonstrated the critical need for indigenously developed systems, like counter-drone technologies, to avoid the vulnerabilities of relying on foreign imports. “Procuring military hardware can take years under India’s weapon-buying rules”, Gen Chauhan said, adding that India needed to induct more technologies at a faster rate in order to narrow the technological gap with its adversaries.
The above needs to be viewed in the backdrop of 2025 having been designated as the “Year of Reforms’ on January 1, 2025, aimed at transforming the Armed Forces into a technologically advanced combat-ready force capable of multi-domain integrated operations. But the ironic part is that Gen Chauhan appeared to be sermonizing as an outsider, whereas, he is very much part of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) as the Secretary, Department of Military Affairs (DMA) and a member of the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC). Every time the MoD announces a new Defence Procurement/Acquisition Procedure, it is accompanied by rhetoric that it is the best ever. What has Gen Chauhan done to reform these procedures, knowing the flaws, including the DRDO-bureaucratic nexus focused primarily on making money?
It is no secret that the Defence Secretary, by virtue of being responsible for capital acquisitions and having been charged with the defence policy in both war and peace, subordinates the CDS; with the latter’s recommendations going up to the Defence Secretary. This was a victory of the deep state while authorizing appointment of the CDS, including making him an advisor to the defence minister, not the prime minister, which should have been the case.
The CDS is Permanent Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC). Moreover, besides being Secretary DMA and adviser to the tri-service Nuclear Command Authority, serving on multiple advisory MoD and associated bodies, committees and councils, the CDS is also responsible for prioritising and affecting material procurements and defining military and security policies. So why has Gen Chauhan spoken up now? Is it because he has been given an extension up to the date coinciding with the retirement date of the current Army Chief? Why has he not raised voices against the slow defence procurement process, which he was entitled to as the Secretary DMA?
Interestingly, 24 hours after General Chauhan raised the above issues at the Chanakya Defence Dialogue, the MoD announced that the DAC, headed by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, has approved “guidelines for reducing the timelines at various stages of the capital acquisition process, to make it faster, more effective and efficient. But the lack of any elaboration has raised questions if this is more of a cover up. Also, is ‘capital acquisitions’ the only issue?
There are periodic headlines of the DAC according its Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for defence procurements and defence-related projects. But this only implies ‘in principle’ approval by the government, nothing more. Beyond this are complex stages, with each stage having the potential to delay or derail the entire project; often taking twice or three times the laid down period, As for the intractable corruption at every step, less said the better. What has General Chauhan and his predecessor’s done to cleanse the system and justify the CDS tab on their shoulders?
Speaking at the 40th Air Chief Marshal PC Lal (Retd) Memorial Lecture organised by the Air Force Association on December 15, 2025, DRDO Chairman, Samir V. Kamat called for enhanced investment in defence R&D to prepare for future warfare; amid rapid technological transformations across land, air, sea, space, cyber, and information domains. He highlighted the disparity in R&D spending, noting that India allocates 0.65% of its overall R&D budget compared to over 2% committed by competitors. He said this shortfall hinders India’s ambitions to emerge as a technology leader. He advocated greater industry participation in design and development, alongside contributions from start-ups and MSMEs, stressing the vital role of academia in basic and applied research on emerging technologies, coupled with the establishment of advanced test facilities and infrastructure, and that capacity building remains a critical priority.
India needs to seriously address the above anomalies, in addition to the following:
• Over the last decade plus, the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) has many times pointed out excessive time delays by the DRDO, sub-standard products. many even priced more than products in the same category available off-the-shelf, and lack of accountability.
• Veteran Maj Gen BC Khanduri (former Union Minister in the Vajpayee Government 2000-2003), Chairman of the Standing Committee of Defence from 2014 to September 2018 was eased out because he pointed out the ad hoc approach and ill-equipping of Armed Forces. Nirmala Sitharaman, the then defence minister, even launched a diatribe against Gen Khanduri although Sitharaman was probably in school when Gen Khanduri joined BJP.
• In a report filed in Parliament on December 16, 2025, the CAG has pointed out that 72% Army contracts under emergency procurement (EP) have not been delivered within the stipulated timelines and objected to these deviations regularised beyond the waivers granted from prescribed procurement processes and rules to meet operational requirements. The CAG has suggested these deviations should be regularised ONLY by the Army Headquarters. So, who is regularizing these deviations, why and what is the role of CDS and MoD in this?
• The concept of self-certification introduced by MoD in recent years, and extending it to some defence industries is nothing more than brushing corruption under the carpet.
• Not only is the indigenous content in ‘Make in India’ dubious, as also pointed out by General Chauhan, but in many cases is nothing more than “assembling’ the product.
• Many analysts have pointed out that the governmental defence-industrial ecosystem needs to seriously weed out the deadwood but there is no effort being made towards this because of vested interests.
• The reorganization of DRDO is dragging its feet for well-known reasons, and will probably be an eyewash as and when it would eventually take place.
• The government can’t stop talking about India’s economic growth and that the country will soon become the third largest economy in the world, which was reiterated by PM Modi on December 16, 2025, while addressing the India-Jordan Business meet. But why then can India not invest in Defence R&D like the US and China, especially when crores and crores are being spent on elections, advertisements and self-aggrandizement?
Finally, whether there is any scope of improvement or the current lackadaisical approach will continue remains to be seen.
The author is an Indian Army veteran. Views expressed are personal
